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Equus Asinus [TOP]
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Donkey (Equus asinus) milk has become a medical and nutrient product since ancient times. In addition, donkey milk was regarded as a medicinal food and substitute product for infant formula in some ancient western countries. Chinese ancient medical books documented the medicinal value of donkey milk, using donkey milk to treat diabetes, cough and jaundice.
equus asinus
The Department of the Environment and Heritage (2004) states that in Australia, \"Feral E. asinus prefer tropical savannas and arid hill country. Drought and severe bushfires are the only significant natural threats to feral E. asinus.\" In Europe, the donkey is considered to be the most threatened livestock species and is now under protection of the European Union and its measures to conserve local animal resources.ReproductionFeral and free-ranging E. asinus have a territorial social system (McDonnell 1998). The composition and degree of stability of territorial groups varies with particular populations studied. In some populations, each breeding male holds his own territory through which solitary females with their young pass (Woodward, 1979). Jennies in estrus are bred by the breeding male holding the particular territory. Populations have been identified in which jennies tend to stay within particular territories and have a more stable affiliation with the breeding male and other jennies in the territory, in a semi-harem type territorial breeding group (McCort, 1980). In some populations, there are groups in which subordinate males are allowed to breed some of the jennies within the territory of a dominant jack, usually following mating by the dominant jack (McCort, 1980). Territorial boundaries appear to be announced acoustically and in some instances marked with fecal piles.\" Studies show that ovarian activity, pregnancy and parturition appear to be much less seasonal in domestic and feral E. asinus than in wild asses. The short-day anovulatory season in domestic jennies is approximately 165 days, with a high incidence of anovulatory estrus which is brief and frequent. The long-day ovulatory season then is approximately 200 days. The interovulatory interval is approximately 24-25 days. The mean length of ovulatory estrus is about 6 days, with ovulation within the last 1-2 days of estrus. Gestation length is 12 months (McDonnell, 1998).NutritionEquus asinus are grazing herbivores, with large, flat-surfaced teeth adapted for tearing and chewing plant matter. Their primary food is grass, but they also eat other shrubs and desert plants. Like many other grazing animals, they grasp the plant first with their muscular lips, pull it into their mouth, and then tear it off with their teeth. In a study of feral E. asinus in Arizona, they were found to eat 33% forbs and 40% browse (Huggins 2002).Principal source: Stubbs, C. J. 1999. Feral burro Removal: New Solutions to an Old Problem. Natural Resource Year in Review: publication D-1346.Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2004. Feral horse (Equus caballus) and feral donkey (Equus asinus). Invasive Species.Huffman, B. 2004. Equus asinus, African wild ass. An Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet.
Kim, M.-J.; Suh, S.-M.; Kim, S.-Y.; Qin, P.; Kim, H.-R.; Kim, H.-Y. Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Donkey (Equus asinus) Meat in Meat Mixtures Treated under Different Processing Conditions. Foods 2020, 9, 130.
Kim M-J, Suh S-M, Kim S-Y, Qin P, Kim H-R, Kim H-Y. Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Donkey (Equus asinus) Meat in Meat Mixtures Treated under Different Processing Conditions. Foods. 2020; 9(2):130.
Kim, Mi-Ju, Seung-Man Suh, Sung-Yeon Kim, Pei Qin, Hong-Rae Kim, and Hae-Yeong Kim. 2020. "Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for the Detection of Donkey (Equus asinus) Meat in Meat Mixtures Treated under Different Processing Conditions" Foods 9, no. 2: 130.
Currently, no literature has addressed the subcapsular castration technique in equines. We hypothesized that excision of testicular parenchyma bilaterally through a primary closed single scrotal incision in the subcapsular castration can be efficient and minimize postoperative complications and care in castrated donkeys. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to describe the subcapsular technique for primary closure castration in donkeys (Equus asinus) with special regard to its efficiency and welfare impacts.
15. Machacova T, Bartova E, Di Loria A, Sedlak K, Mariani U, Fusco G, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in donkeys (Equus asinus) in Italy. J Vet Med Sci 2014;76:265-7.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
16. Alvarado-Esquivel C, Alvarado-Esquivel D, Dubey JP. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in domestic donkeys (Equus asinus) in Durango, Mexico slaughtered for human consumption. BMC Vet Res 2015;11:6.[Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
A retrospective study was performed of the clinical histories of dermopathies diagnosed in working donkeys in the Ambulatory Medical Service of Large Animals of the Faculty ofVeterinary Medicine at the Universidad de Córdoba, from January 2008 to December 2015. The objective was to determine the frequency of skin diseases in donkeys (Equus asinus). A total of 238 cases of dermopathies were treated, but the most frequently diagnosed cases were: traumatic wounds (26.4%), tick ectoparasitism (19.7%), dermatophytosis (16.3%), sarcoids (8.9%), habronemiasis (7.1%), pythiosis (6.3%), scabies (5.4%), myiasis (4.6%), abscesses (2.9%), dermatophilosis (1.7%), papillomatosis (0.4%), melanoma (0.4%), photosensitization (0.4%), and burns (0.4%). The most affected age group was between 5 and 10 years (60.3%), followed by young animals under 5 years old (20.8%), and those older than 10 years of age (19.2%). The major skin diseases diagnosed in donkeys were traumatic wounds, tick ectoparasitism, and dermatophytosis. This work is a significant contribution on the epidemiological status of different dermopathies, with their respective importance for management and control.
Mahmoud Ali Omar, M., Mohamed Ahmed Hassanein, K., Khalifa Abdel-Razek, A., & Ali Yousef Hussein, H. (2013). Unilateral orchidectomy in donkey (Equus asinus): Evaluation of different surgical techniques, histological and morphological changes on remaining testis. Veterinary Research Forum, 4(1), 1-6.
Magda Mahmoud Ali Omar; Khaled Mohamed Ahmed Hassanein; Abdel-Razek Khalifa Abdel-Razek; Haroon Ali Yousef Hussein. "Unilateral orchidectomy in donkey (Equus asinus): Evaluation of different surgical techniques, histological and morphological changes on remaining testis". Veterinary Research Forum, 4, 1, 2013, 1-6.
Mahmoud Ali Omar, M., Mohamed Ahmed Hassanein, K., Khalifa Abdel-Razek, A., Ali Yousef Hussein, H. (2013). 'Unilateral orchidectomy in donkey (Equus asinus): Evaluation of different surgical techniques, histological and morphological changes on remaining testis', Veterinary Research Forum, 4(1), pp. 1-6.
Mahmoud Ali Omar, M., Mohamed Ahmed Hassanein, K., Khalifa Abdel-Razek, A., Ali Yousef Hussein, H. Unilateral orchidectomy in donkey (Equus asinus): Evaluation of different surgical techniques, histological and morphological changes on remaining testis. Veterinary Research Forum, 2013; 4(1): 1-6. 041b061a72